And in April 2019, a film adaptation premiered in the U.K. and the U.S. starring Judi Dench as Joan Stanley, the fictional counterpart to Melita Norwood, the real-life spy. [2], In The Mitrokhin Archive: The K.G.B. In fact, Hilary Hahn’s husband has been among the film and television industry’s foremost composers. Fervente comunista ella stessa, non ha apparentemente ottenuto profitto materiale dalle proprie azioni di spionaggio. Her mother joined the Co-operative Party. Bailey was on an advisory committee to Tube Alloys. Both her parents were active in socialist circles. Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 6 gen 2020 alle 23:43. Nel 1935 sposò Hilary Norwood (1910–1986), insegnante di famiglia russa e convinto comunista. only confirmed she was a spy in the 1990s. View the profiles of people named Hilary Norwood. Quando interrogata sui moventi delle proprie azioni, spiegò: "Feci quel che feci, non per soldi, ma per aiutare a prevenire la disfatta di un nuovo sistema che aveva dato, ad un costo elevato, cibo e cure a gente che non se li poteva permettere, una buona educazione e un servizio sanitario". Melita Norwood became friend… [1], Norwood’s NKVD espionage career began in the mid-1930s as a member of the Woolwich Spy ring in London. “I thought perhaps what I had access to might be useful in helping Russia to keep abreast of Britain, America and Germany.” She added that, “in general, I do not agree with spying against one's country.”. [2], Le sue attività spionistiche furono rese pubbliche per la prima volta da Vasili Mitrokhin nel 1999. Bailey, head of a department at the British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association, enabled Norwood to pass her Soviet handlers material relating to the British atomic weapons project, known at the time by the innocuous name of Tube Alloys. Her occupation was Yes. Well, she was partly aided by the boys’ club atmosphere of MI5, the British Security Service. Norwood was coming clean because a Cambridge historian had discovered her espionage while writing a book, but she was unrepentant. In 1932 she started work as a secretary with the British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association (BN-FMRA), where she became an organizer for the Association of Women Clerks and Secretaries. In the event, Norwood was never charged with an offence and died in 2005. How did Norwood get away with it for so long? Burke, who later wrote The Spy Who Came In From the Co-op: Melita Norwood and the Ending of Cold War Espionage, noted that Norwood kept repeating “I thought I’d got away with it.” Yet as Burke wrote, she actually did get away with it: even after her outing, the government still declined to prosecute her. [5] She then went on to study Latin and Logic at the University College of Southampton,[1] before dropping out after a year and moving to London to get a job. Mitrokhin defected in 1992, giving the British authorities six trunk loads of KGB files. [16][17] It premiered at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival. Hilary Norwood married Melita Norwood (born Sirnis). His occupation was occupation. [2] In a statement at the time of her exposure, she said, "I did what I did, not to make money, but to help prevent the defeat of a new system which had, at great cost, given ordinary people food and fares which they could afford, a good education and a health service". Experts still debate how much she actually ended up helping the Soviet nuclear program. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. [4][1] Melita was educated at Itchen Secondary School, becoming school captain in 1928. Image of spy Melita Norwood opening Norwood Labs at Greenwich University in 1993. He produced a newspaper entitled The Southern Worker and Labour and Socialist Journal, which was influenced by the October Russian Revolution, and the paper published his translations of works by Lenin and Trotsky. [13] In 2014, newly released files from the Mitrokhin archive suggested that Norwood was more highly valued by the KGB than the Cambridge Five. [2] È stata considerata "la più importante agente donna mai reclutata dall'URSS". [2], Melita Norwood nacque da padre lettone, Alexander Sirnis, e madre inglese, Gertrude Stedman, a Pokesdown, nel Dorset. While she said she did not generally "agree with spying against one's country", she had hoped her actions would help "Russia to keep abreast of Britain, America and Germany". in Europe and the West (1999), co-written by the historian Christopher Andrew. According to Jeremy Bernstein, Bailey was "warned about Norwood’s political associations and was careful not to reveal anything to her. Norwood died in 2005, but people have remained fascinated with her story. In The Mitrokhin Archive: The K.G.B. The previous year, she was recommended to the NKVD (forerunner of the KGB) by Andrew Rothstein, a leading member of the CPGB, and became a full agent in 1937. The revelations came as a total surprise to Norwood's daughter, Anita Ferguson, who didn’t find out her mother was a spy until she read about it in the paper. Mona Maund, one of the first female MI5 agents, actually identified Norwood as a possible spy back in the 1930s, when Norwood was at the beginning of her espionage career. [13] Her neighbours in Bexleyheath, while aware of her left-wing beliefs, reacted with astonishment, as did her daughter, when she was unmasked as a spy in 1999. This innocuous-sounding association was actually part of a secret nuclear weapons research project with the U.S. called “Tube Alloy.” When no one was looking, Norwood would sneak into her boss’ office, open his safe and take pictures of the secret documents inside. During this period she married Hilary Nussbaum (he later changed his name to Norwood). “I did what I did not to make money but to help prevent the defeat of a new system which had, at great cost, given ordinary people food and fares which they could afford, a good education and a health service,” she told the press in front of her home. Meanwhile, a wave of purges in Moscow led the NKVD to cut back on its overseas espionage activities, and Norwood's new Soviet employers became the GRU, the Military Overseas Intelligence Service of the Soviet Union. Entrambi i genitori furono attivi nei circoli socialisti. She began her spying career in the 1930s while working as a secretary for the Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association in London. [5] After the Independent Labour Party (ILP), of which she had become a member earlier in the decade, splintered in 1936, Melita Norwood joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB). A quell'epoca si sostenne che le autorità britanniche avevano appreso del suo status solo a partire dalla diserzione dello stesso Mitrokhin, avvenuta nel 1992, sebbene fosse ben noto il fatto che Melita fosse una simpatizzante comunista,[3] ma era stato deciso di non agire per evitare di essere scoperti. Melita Stedman Norwood (née Sirnis; 25 March 1912 – 2 June 2005) was a British civil servant and KGB intelligence source who, for a period after her formal recruitment in 1937, supplied the KGB (and its predecessor agencies) with state secrets from her job at the British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association.. The UK authorities were not aware of her party affiliation until very much later. In 1949 she married Hilary Norwood, a fellow-Communist and mathematics teacher. Melita Sirnis was born to a Latvian father, Peter Alexander Sirnis (Latvian language: Pēteris Aleksandrs Zirnis), and a British mother Gertrude, née Stedman, in the Bournemouth suburb of Pokesdown. "[11], In 1958 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. But a male superior dismissed her tip because he didn’t think women could be good spies (in 1940, he fired Maund for accusing him of incompetence). [18], British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association, "How a British Secretary Who Spied for the Soviets Evaded Detection for 40 Years", "The Great-Grandmother Comes In From the Cold", "The Cambridge Five were unreliable spies because they lived before the age of the booze-free lunch", "Judi Dench, Sophie Cookson to star in Trevor Nunn's 'Red Joan' (exclusive)", "AFM: Judi Dench's 'Red Joan' Biopic Sells Internationally (Exclusive)", "Toronto: Timothee Chalamet Starrer 'Beautiful Boy,' Dan Fogelman's 'Life Itself' Among Festival Lineup", All Soviet Spies seem to Suffer from Selective Memory Loss, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melita_Norwood&oldid=984888988, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles containing Latvian-language text, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Hilary (Nussbaum) Norwood (m. 1935 d. 1986). [8][10], Her position as secretary to G.L. From World War II through the Cold War, she stole nuclear secrets from the office where she worked as a secretary and passed them to Moscow. [1], Norwood's espionage activities were first publicly revealed by former KGB archivist Vasili Mitrokhin, in the book The Mitrokhin Archive: The K.G.B. Hilary Hahn‘s husband Volker Bertelmann is a German composer, pianist, producer, and also an artist. Melita Stedman Norwood (née Sirnis; 25 March 1912 – 2 June 2005) was a British civil servant and KGB intelligence source who, for a period after her formal recruitment in 1937, supplied the KGB (and its predecessor agencies) with state secrets from her job at the British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association.
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