[22], By Androgeneia of Phaestus he had Asterion, who commanded the Cretan contingent in the war between Dionysus and the Indians. Another snake came for the first, and after seeing its mate dead, the second serpent left and brought back an herb which brought the first snake back to life. [10] He reigned over Crete and the islands of the Aegean Sea three generations before the Trojan War. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in the underworld. [36], In Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy story Inferno, Minos is depicted as having a snake-like tail. Minos went to Athens to avenge his son's death, and having Zeus by his side, managed to install a capital tax on the Athenians; every nine years, seven boys and seven girls from Athens would be sent to Crete to be sacrificed to the Minotaur, a mythical creature that was held in the Labyrinth, a maze under the palace of Minos. This 'Minos II'— the 'bad' king Minos— is the son of this Lycastus, and was a far more colorful character than his father and grandfather. He got his laws straight from Zeus himself. [23] Also given as his children are Euryale, possibly the mother of Orion with Poseidon,[24] and Pholegander, eponym of the island Pholegandros.[25]. He was famous for creating a successful code of laws; in fact, it was so grand that after his death, Minos became one of the three judges of the dead in the underworld. When he reached Camicus, Sicily, King Cocalus, knowing Daedalus would be able to solve the riddle, fetched the old man. He was famous for creating a successful code of laws; in fact, it was so grand that after his death, Minos became one of the three judges of the dead in the underworld. An oracle told the Athenians to meet any of Minos' demands if they wanted to escape the punishment. Cocalus managed to convince him to take a bath first; then Cocalus' daughters and Daedalus, with Minos trapped in the bath, scalded him to death with boiling water. Icarus fell in the sea and drowned. [19] In accordance with this, after his death he became judge of the shades in the underworld. The act would have "returned" the bull to the god who sent it. Inside the wine-cellar was a cask of honey, with Glaucus dead inside. Daedalus and Icarus flew away on wings Daedalus invented, but Icarus' wings melted because he flew too close to the sun. KING MINOS IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY King Minos is one of the most famous kings in Greek mythology, so famous indeed, that a whole civilisation, the Minoan civilisation was named after him. Doubtless there is a considerable historical element in the legend, perhaps in the Phoenician origin of Europa; it is possible that not only Athens, but Mycenae itself, were once culturally bound to the kings of Knossos, as Minoan objects appear at Mycenaean sites. ^ Jennifer R. March, Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Oxbow Books, 2014[1998], p. 146 Asterion, king of Crete, adopted the three sons of Zeus and Europa: Minos, Sarpedon and Rhadamanthus. On arriving in Attica, he asked Zeus to punish the city, and the god struck it with plague and hunger. Minos is best known for his role in the myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. [29] Minos was committed to sacrificing the bull to Poseidon,[30] but then decided to substitute a different bull. , and so she was left behind as the Cretan fleet sailed on; Scylla drowned as she attempted to swim after King Minos. This continued until Theseus killed the Minotaur with the help of Ariadne, Minos' lovestruck daughter. Every nine years, he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls[1] to be sent to Daedalus's creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. Minos was a mythical king in the island of Crete, the son of Zeus and Europa. On Cretan coins, Minos is represented as bearded, wearing a diadem, curly-haired, haughty and dignified, like the traditional portraits of his reputed father, Zeus. With his tail coiled around him and two donkey ears (symbol of stupidity), Minos judges the damned as they are brought down to hell (see Inferno, Second Circle). By Dexithea, one of the Telchines, he had a son called Euxanthius. 1. Minos was also part of the King Nisus story. Some scholars see a connection between Minos and the names of other ancient founder-kings, such as Menes of Egypt, Mannus of Germany, and Manu of India,[6][7] and even with Meon of Phrygia and Lydia (after him named Maeonia), Mizraim of Egypt in the Book of Genesis and the Canaanite deity Baal. In rage, Poseidon cursed Pasiphaë, Minos' wife, with a mad passion for the bull. According to this view, the first King Minos was the son of Zeus and Europa and brother of Rhadamanthys and Sarpedon. La Marle suggests that the name mwi-nu (Minos) is expected to mean 'ascetic' as Sanskrit muni, and fits this explanation to the legend about Minos sometimes living in caves on Crete.[5]. Critique of Decipherments by Hubert La Marle and Kjell Aartun, Hesperien: zur Lösung des religiös-geschichtlichen Problems der alten Welt, On the origin and ramifications of the English language: Preceded by an inquiry into the primitive seats, early migrations, and final settlements of the principal European nations, "Illustrations to Dante's "Divine Comedy", object 9 (Butlin 812.9) "Minos, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides, Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minos&oldid=983836931, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Minos appeared as an antagonist against Percy Jackson in, Minos appears as a sympathetic character in Mary Renault's ", This page was last edited on 16 October 2020, at 14:54. Minos demanded Glaucus be brought back to life, though Polyidus objected. He offered the Athenians peace if they sent Minos seven young men and seven virgin maidens to feed the Minotaur every year (which corresponded directly to the Minoans' meticulous records of lunar alignments - a full moon falls on the equinoxes once every eight years). The bull mated with the wooden cow and Pasiphaë was impregnated by the bull, giving birth to a horrible monster, again named Asterius,[31] the Minotaur, half man half bull. Learning that Nisos' strength came from his hair, Minos gained the love of Scylla and her aid in cutting off her father's hair so that he could conquer the city. Eventually, the hero Theseus managed to kill the Minotaur with the help of Minos' daughter Ariadne. Minos justified his accession as king and prayed to Poseidon for a sign. [8], Minos appears in Greek literature as the king of Knossos as early as Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. When a snake appeared nearby, Polyidus killed it with the sword. Nisus was King of Megara, and he was invincible as long as a lock of crimson hair still existed, hidden in his white hair. The Minotaur was defeated by the hero Theseus with the help of Minos' daughter Ariadne. During his rule, Crete became a naval superpower and had an excellent educational system. Minos, along with his brothers, Rhadamanthys and Sarpedon, were raised by King Asterion (or Asterius) of Crete. He débuts, with his appearance in around 700 B.C. Daedalus then built a complicated "chamber that with its tangled windings perplexed the outward way"[32] called the Labyrinth, and Minos put the Minotaur in it. If royal succession in Minoan Crete descended matrilinearly— from the queen to her firstborn daughter— the queen's husband would have become the Minos, or war chief. According to the Odyssey he spoke with Zeus every nine years for nine years. Searching for the boy, Polyidus saw an owl driving bees away from a wine-cellar in Minos' palace. There is a name in Minoan Linear A mi-nu-te that may be related to Minos. [37], "We call him Minos, but we do not know his name, probably the word is a title, like. and usually ends at around the 9th Century. The royal title ro-ja is read on several documents, including on stone libation tables from the sanctuaries, where it follows the name of the main god, Asirai (the equivalent of Sanskrit Asura, and of Avestan Ahura). When Asterion died, his throne was claimed by Minos[26] who banished Sarpedon and, according to some sources, Rhadamanthys too. By a nymph, Pareia, he had four sons, Eurymedon, Nephalion, Chryses and Philolaus, who were killed by Heracles in revenge for the murder of the latter's two companions. Radamanthus, his brother, is a judge at Tartarus who decides upon suitable punishments for sinners there. Minos' son Androgeus won every game in a contest hosted by Aegeas of Athens. Minos spurned Scylla for disobeying her father. Minos refused to let Polyidus leave Crete until he taught Glaucus the art of divination. According to La Marle's reading of Linear A,[3] which has been heavily criticised as arbitrary,[4] we should read mwi-nu ro-ja (Minos the king) on a Linear A tablet. Daedalus built her a wooden cow, which she hid inside. "Minos" is often interpreted as the Cretan word for "king",[2] or, by a euhemerist interpretation, the name of a particular king that was subsequently used as a title. He is a judge in the Underworld who has the deciding vote in Greek Mythology. Minos shut Polyidus up in the wine-cellar with a sword. [18] His constitution was said to have formed the basis of that of Lycurgus for Sparta. He does this by circling his tail around his own body the appropriate number of times. The archaeologist Arthur Evans was working in the island of Crete when he came up with the name, and it was on Crete that King Minos was once said to have ruled. When Minos' son, Androgeos, went to Athens, he died while fighting a bull. Theseus with Ariadne and Phaedra, the daughters of King Minos - Benedetto Gennari the Younger (1633 - 1715) - PD-art-100, Minos at the entrance of hell - Michelangelo (1475–1564) - PD-life-100, Minos though wanted nothing to do with the treacherous. Poseidon sent a giant white bull out of the sea. These young Athenians would be used in sacrifices to the Minotaur, for the bull of Minos was now a cannibalistic monster, locked away in the labyrinth beneath King Minos’ palace. Rhadamanthus judged the souls of Asians, Aeacus judged Europeans, and Minos had the deciding vote.[34]. [33] His daughter, Scylla, fell in love with Minos and proved it by cutting the crimson hair off her father's head. ", The earlier legend knows Minos as a beneficent ruler, legislator, and suppressor of piracy. In order to make Europa love him, Zeus transformed himself into a handsome bull and seduced her into riding him. In the Aeneid of Virgil, Minos was the judge of those who had been given the death penalty on a false charge - Minos sits with a gigantic urn, and decides whether a soul should go to Elysium or Tartarus with the help of a silent jury. Minos was a mythical king in the island of Crete, the son of Zeus and Europa. He was famous for creating a successful code of laws. [17] Subsequently his remains were sent back to the Cretans, who placed them in a sarcophagus, on which was inscribed: "The tomb of Minos, the son of Zeus. Minos: GreekMythology.com - Nov 03, 2020, Greek Mythology iOS Volume Purchase Program VPP for Education App. Outraged, Minos went to Athens to avenge his son, and on the way he camped at Megara where Nisos lived. King Minos is a character in Hesiod and Homer's myth. In Greek mythology, Minos (/ˈmaɪnɒs, -nəs/; Greek: Μίνως, Mī́nōs, Ancient: [míːnɔːs] Modern: [ˈminos]) was a King of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa.
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