As viewed from Earth, the visible region of the Milky Way's galactic plane occupies an area of the sky that includes 30 constellations. In that case, the young stars we observe in our Galaxy today would contain much greater abundances of heavy elements than they actually do. "The Milky Way, i.e. With this technique, the age of the globular cluster M4 was estimated as 12.7 ± 0.7 billion years. [213][214], The Milky Way, or "milk circle", was just one of 11 "circles" the Greeks identified in the sky, others being the zodiac, the meridian, the horizon, the equator, the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, Arctic and Antarctic circles, and two colure circles passing through both poles. Understanding the nature of this dark matter is one of the great challenges of astronomy today; you will learn more about this in A Universe of (Mostly) Dark Matter and Dark Energy. If these arms contain an overdensity of stars compared to the average density of stars in the Galactic disk, it would be detectable by counting the stars near the tangent point. [108] This concentration of mass is best explained as a supermassive black hole[e][101][109] (SMBH) with an estimated mass of 4.1–4.5 million times the mass of the Sun. Away from the central bulge or outer rim, the typical stellar orbital speed is between 210 ± 10 km/s (470,000 ± 22,000 mph). [204][205] This story was once thought to have been based on an older Sumerian version in which Tiamat is instead slain by Enlil of Nippur,[206][207] but is now thought to be purely an invention of Babylonian propagandists with the intention to show Marduk as superior to the Sumerian deities. E. weighing various parts of the Milky Way. In addition, the Sun passes through the Galactic plane approximately 2.7 times per orbit. By combining these into anchor points, the team was able to estimate the distribution of the Milky Way's mass, extending out to almost 1 million light-years from Earth. Based upon studies of stellar orbits around Sgr A* by Gillessen and associates (2016), the Sun lies at an estimated distance of 27.14 ± 0.46 kly (8.32 ± 0.14 kpc)[14] from the Galactic Center. She calculates that the Milky Way has a mass equal to 7 x 10 11 solar masses. [52] In 2010, a measurement of the radial velocity of halo stars found that the mass enclosed within 80 kiloparsecs is 7×1011 M☉. What is the distribution of Population I and II stars in the Milky Way galaxy? At low masses, the IMF sets the Milky Way Galaxy mass budget and the number of substellar objects that form. Curtis noticed that these novae were, on average, 10 magnitudes fainter than those that occurred within the Milky Way. The proposed likely interpretation is that a dwarf galaxy is merging with the Milky Way.
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