The formal vocabulary of Ancient Greek architecture, in particular the division of architectural style into three defined orders: the Doric Order, the Ionic Order and the Corinthian Order, was to have profound effect on Western architecture of later periods. The oracle’s prophecies were usually unintelligible and would be translated into poetic meter by priests. Hence temples were placed on hilltops, their exteriors designed as a visual focus of gatherings and processions, while theatres were often an enhancement of a naturally occurring sloping site where people could sit, rather than a containing structure. Roofs were probably of thatch with eaves which overhung the permeable walls. These buildings were single-room naosoi (plural of naos) fronted by two columns in antis and decorated in either the Doric or Ionic style. The Earth, the Temple and the Gods: Greek Sacred Architecture-Revised Edition by SCULLY,VINCENT A readable copy. In the three orders of Ancient Greek architecture, the sculptural decoration, be it a simple half round astragal, a frieze of stylized foliage or the ornate sculpture of the pediment, is all essential to the architecture of which it is a part. This was perhaps a way to create an optical illusion or to emphasize the weight of the entablature above, held up by the columns. The astronomical orientation of temples is connected to the sunrise on the celebration day of the god to whom the sacred site is dedicated to. During this time, figures became more dynamic and defined by more organic—as opposed to geometric—elements. Doric columns are also noted for the presence of entasis , or bulges in the middle of the column shaft. While the temple was dedicated to the local god Aphaia, the temple’s pediments depicted scenes of the Trojan War to promote the greatness of the island. The Ionic Order is recognized by its voluted capital, in which a curved echinus of similar shape to that of the Doric Order, but decorated with stylized ornament, is surmounted by a horizontal band that scrolls under to either side, forming spirals or volutes similar to those of the nautilus shell or ram's horn. The temple of Aphaia on the island of Aegina is an example of Archaic Greek temple design as well as of the shift in sculptural style between the Archaic and Classical periods. It appears that, although the architecture of Ancient Greece was initially of wooden construction, the early builders did not have the concept of the diagonal truss as a stabilizing member. The opisthodomos was used as a treasury and held the votives and offerings left at the temple for the god or goddess. The architrave is composed of the stone lintels which span the space between the columns, with a joint occurring above the centre of each abacus. They demonstrate a developing knowledge of stone building through their use of decorative spaces on buildings. The men’s bodies bend and twist and their limbs overlap, disappear and reappear, which helps achieve both naturalism as well as a sense of space. The temples of the Archaic period are the first stone temples built in Greece. Delphi was home to the dragon Python who protected the navel of the earth. Unwritten Mystery: Did Ancient Civilizations Know the Secrets of Levitation? Archaic black- and red-figure painting began to depict more naturalistic bodies by conveying form and movement. Caryatids, draped female figures used as supporting members to carry the entablature, were a feature of the Ionic order, occurring at several buildings including the Siphnian Treasury at Delphi in 525 BC and at the Erechtheion, about 410 BC.
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